Natural Resources Council of the National Academies of Sciences (NAS). 2013. Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward.
See Chapter 3: “Population Processes,” which debunks the idea that WHB regulate their population sizes at levels that limit ecological impacts.
And see Chapter 7, “Establishing and adjusting appropriate management levels” for discussions on that topic.
Crist, M., et al. 2019. Science Framework for Conservation and Restoration of the Sagebrush Biome: Linking the Department of the Interior Secretarial Order 3336 to Long-Term Strategic Conservation Actions. Part 2. Management applications. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-389. Fort Collins, CO: U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Beever, E.A. and C.L. Aldridge. 2011. Influences of free-roaming equids on sagebrush ecosystems, with focus on greater sage-grouse. Studies in Avian Biology 38:273-290.
Coates, P.S., S.T. O’Neil, D. Muñoz, and I. Dwight. 2021. Free-Roaming Horses Adversely Impact Greater Sage-Grouse Population Dynamics in Sagebrush Ecosystems. Journal of Wildlife Management 85:1132-1149.
Ransom, J.I., L Lagos, H. Hrabar, H. Mowrazi, D. Ushkhjargal, and N. Spasskaya. 2016. Wild and feral equid population dynamics. Pages 68-86 in J. I. Ransom and P Kaczensky, eds., Wild equids; ecology, management and conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
Lundgren, E.J., D. Ramp, J.C. Stromberg, J. Wu, N.C. Nieto, M. Sluk, K.T. Moeller, and A.D. Wallach. 2021. Equids engineer desert water availability. Science 372:491-495.
Rubin, E.S., D. Conrad, L.E. Harding, and B.M. Russo. 2024. Associations between a feral equid and the Sonoran desert ecosystem. Wildlife Monographs 2024:215;e1083.