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This technical note describes the components of a rangeland watershed monitoring plan, distinguishes between direct monitoring strategies (sampling) and indirect monitoring strategies (modeling), describes common watershed monitoring techniques, and discusses statistical considerations in sampling designs and data analysis. It also describes some monitoring principles and concepts, but does not prescribe specific monitoring programs. Monitoring programs will always have to be tailored individually to address the issues, management objectives, and conditions at the site of interest. Thus, careful analysis, planning, and judgment by the resource professional is integral to the design of watershed monitoring programs.